Stephen Richards

In an earlier post we looked at how to create a proxy for ill-health early retirements based on age at commencement.  This is an example of dealing with missing data — we infer a useful proxy to replace the lost or missing health status at retirement.

In an earlier posting we looked at several examples where a pension scheme dominates the picture of the company's finances and value.

Insurers need to have internal models for their major risks. Indeed, both the Individual Capital Assessment (ICA) regime in the UK and the pending Solvency II rules in the EU demand that insurers have good models for their risks.

In previous posts we have looked at problems with the quality and reliability of cause-of-death data and a list of hurdles for mortality projections based on such data.  One other issue is that of detail.

Annuities are a good example of the cornerstone of actuarial work: discounting future probabilities of payment to allow for the time value of money.  Low interest rates have had major consequences for savers looking for income in retirement, but they are also one reason behind renewed actuarial focus on longevity in recent years.

Last week we looked at the odd situation whereby longevity risk is regulated more strictly in an insurance-company annuity portfolio than in a company pension scheme.  One argument for the different treatment is that the sponsoring employer is a source of ongoing financial support for the scheme.

Casual readers could be forgiven for thinking that pensions and annuities have a lot in common, and that they should therefore be regulated in a similar manner.  After all, both annuity portfolios and pension schemes are exposed to a host of similar risks, such as increased longevity.

We have written extensively about how to use postcodes for mortality modelling. The best approach in the UK is to use so-called geodemographic profilers, which map postcodes to relatively homogeneous groups of households sharing certain socio-economic characteristics.

In an earlier post I mentioned the advent of survivor forwards, or S-forwards, a derivative contract which could be used for hedging pension liabilities.