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Back(test) to the future
Stochastic projections of future mortality are increasingly used not just to set future best-estimates, but also to inform on stress tests such as for ICAs in the UK. By the time the Solvency II regime comes into force, I expect most major insurers across the EU will be using stochastic models for mortality projections (if they are not already doing so).
Forecasting with limited portfolio data
A Scottish question
Out for the count
Stabilising projections
With many stochastic models of mortality, projections of future mortality rates are done using a time series. In a landmark paper, Currie, Durban and Eilers (2004) introduced the idea of using P-splines as an alternative means of generating a forecast. P-splines formed the basis of a projection tool the CMI made fr
Partial buy-outs
The Lee-Carter Family
In a recent paper presented to the Faculty of Actuaries, Stephen Richards and I discussed model risk and showed how it can have a material impact on mortality forecasts. Different models have different features, some more desirable than others. This post illustrates a particular problem with the original Lee-Carter model, and shows how it can be combatted via smoothing. The choice of which parameters to smooth in the Lee-Carter model leads to a general family